〖一〗载驰载驱，归唁卫侯。驱马悠悠，言至于漕。大夫跋涉，我心则忧。
〖二〗既不我嘉，不能旋反。视尔不臧，我思不远。
既不我嘉，不能旋济？视尔不臧，我思不閟。
(资料图片仅供参考)
〖三〗陟彼阿丘，言采其蝱。女子善怀，亦各有行。许人尤之，众稚且狂。
〖四〗我行其野，芃芃其麦。控于大邦，谁因谁极？
大夫君子，无我有尤。百尔所思，不如我所之。
《载驰》，许穆夫人作也。闵其宗国颠覆，自伤不能救也。卫懿公为狄人所灭，国人分散，露於漕邑。许穆夫人闵卫之亡，伤许之小，力不能救，思归唁其兄，又义不得，故赋是诗也。
【理雅各译】
The Tsae ch'e was made by the wife of Muh of Heu.Pitying the overthrow of her native State,she was grieved that she could not saveit.Duke E of Wei had been killed by the Teih;the people were dispersed,andliving in huts about Ts'aou.The wife of duke Muh of Heu,pitying the ruin of Wei,and pained by the feebleness of Heu which was unable to save it,wished to returnto Wei and condole with her brother.And as correct propriety forbade that,sheexpressed her sentiments in this ode.
(ⅰ)
I wished to urge my steeds,and drive
To Wei,to share my brother's grief,
Not slacking till we should arrive
And halt at Ts'aou,and find relief.
Another went,o'er hill,through stream,cross plain;
Here in deep sorrow I must still remain.
(ⅱ)
What I wished for you denied;
Here in Heu I must abide.
And in your decision's spite
I must hold my purpose right.
You,unkind,my purpose spurn
Not to Wei can I return.
I must slight your views as nought,
For I cannot quench my thought.
(ⅲ)
I'll climb the sides of that steep mound,
And pluck the lilies growing there.
Thoughts in my woman's heart abound,
And every thought might blossom bear.
In Heu the people all my purpose blame;
Their childish,hasty thoughts cause me no shame.
(ⅳ)
I would through the land havo gone,
Passed where fields of rich wheat shone,
Prayer have made to Ts'e's great state,
Help have sought for Wei's sore strait.
Nobles who o'er Wei preside,
Zeal like this you should not chide.
Hundreds are the plans you make;
Best the course I wished to take!
(ⅰ)
I would have galloped my horses and whipt them,
Returning to condole with the marquis of Wei.
I would have urged them all the long way,
Till I arrived at Ts'aou.
A great officer has gone,over the hills and through the rivers;
But my heart is full of sorrow.
(ⅱ)
You disapproved of my (proposal),
And I cannot return (to Wei);
But I regard you as in the wrong,
And cannot forget my pupose.
You disapproved of my purpose,
And I cannot return across the streams;
But I regard you as in the wrong,
And cannot shut out my thoughts.
(ⅲ)
I will ascend that mound with the steep side,
And gather the mother-of-pearl lilies
I might,as a woman,have many thoughts,
But every one of them was practicable.
The people of Heu blame me,
But they are all childish and hasty (in their conclusions).
(ⅳ)
I would have gone through the country,
Amidst the wheat so luxuriant.
I would have carried the case before the great State.
On whom should I have relied?Who would come (to the help of Wei)?
Ye great officers and gentlemen,
Do not condemn me.
The hundred plans you think of
Are not equal to the course I was going to take.
Narrative.THE BARONESS MUH OF HEU COMPLAINS OF NOT BEING ALLOWED TO GO TO WEI TO CONDOLE WITH THE MARQUIS ON THE DESOLATION OF HIS STATE,AND APPEAL TO SOME GHEAT POWERS ON ITS BEHALF.
【山译】叙事诗：许男爵穆夫人抗议自己不被允许去卫国吊唁国破的卫侯爵。并向一些大国呼吁（对卫的）援助。
The wife of the baron of Heu was one of the daughters of Seuen Keang and Ch'aou-pih Hwan (see on iii.IX.)，and a sister consequently of the dukes Tae and Wan of Wei.Sorry for the ruin which the Teih had brought on Wei,she had wished,while the remnant of the people was collected about Ts'aou,to go and condole with her brother (probably duke Wan),and consult with him as to what could be done in his desperate case.It was contrary,however,to the rules of propriety for a lady in her position(see on iii.XIV.) to return to her native State,and she was not allowed to do so.In this piece we have,it is supposed,her complaint,and the vindication of her purpose.
【山译】许男爵的妻子是宣姜与昭伯的女儿，同时是卫戴公与卫文公的妹妹。许穆夫人为狄给卫国带来的毁灭感到伤心。卫国的幸存者聚集在曹邑，许穆夫人想去吊唁自己的哥哥卫戴公（也可能是卫文公），希望能为绝望中的卫国做些什么。但是以她的地位擅自回国是于理不合的，因此她被禁止这样做。在这首诗中，据说是她的抱怨和对其自己主张的辩解。
【山注01】此处的许穆夫人是东周男爵许国之君许穆公的夫人。许穆夫人为卫宣姜与曾经的庶子媾和而出，关于这段孽缘的前因后果可参见我以前水的专栏CV13231935。
【山注02】此时卫国国君卫戴公以及次年登基的卫文公均是许穆夫人同父同母的亲兄弟。关于此次卫国国破的前因后果，可参见我以前水的专栏CV15141351。
【山注03】简述一下许穆夫人上一代的孽缘：初，卫宣公为世子伋子向齐国求娶，齐僖公见伋子才貌双全，就将爱女宣姜嫁予伋子。却不曾想卫宣公看上了宣姜，为一亲芳泽，便假意为伋子求婚，待将宣姜骗到卫国后，立刻先下手为强，将生米煮成熟饭。就这样宣姜成为卫宣公的夫人，故被称为宣姜。后宣姜次子谋杀伋子及兄长，夺得卫国君位，是为卫惠公。但卫惠公得位不正，为卫人所逐，伋子的胞弟公子黔牟继位。而宣姜是公子黔牟的杀兄仇人之母，因此卫国欲将其大归回齐，宣姜的兄长齐襄公遂提议将宣姜再嫁给公子黔牟的弟弟昭伯，昭伯是宣姜曾经的庶子。此议极为荒谬，但由于齐是大国，因此卫国只得妥协，也就有了这一场异常荒唐的婚姻，之后宣姜与昭伯共生子女五人——齐子、戴公、文公、宋桓夫人、许穆夫人。
【《左传·鲁闵公二年》传】
冬十二月，狄人伐卫。卫懿公好鹤，鹤有乘轩者。将战，国人受甲者皆曰：“使鹤，鹤实有禄位，余焉能战！”
公与石祁子玦，与甯庄子矢，使守，曰：“以此赞国，择利而为之。”与夫人绣衣，曰：“听于二子。”渠孔御戎，子伯为右，黄夷前驱，孔婴齐殿。及狄人战于荧泽，卫师败绩，遂灭卫。卫侯不去其旗，是以甚败。狄人囚史华龙滑与礼孔，以逐卫人。二人曰：“我，大史也，实掌其祭。不先，国不可得也。”乃先之。至则告守曰：“不可待也。”夜与国人出。狄入卫，遂从之，又败诸河。
初，惠公之即位也少，齐人使昭伯烝于宣姜，不可，强之。生齐子、戴公、文公、宋桓夫人、许穆夫人。文公为卫之多患也，先适齐。及败，宋桓公逆诸河，宵济。卫之遗民男女七百有三十人，益之以共、滕之民为五千人，立戴公以庐于曹。许穆夫人赋《载驰》。齐侯使公子无亏帅车三百乘、甲士三千人以戍曹。归公乘马，祭服五称，牛羊豕鸡狗皆三百，与门材。归夫人鱼轩，重锦三十两。
【山注04】理雅各此处特意强调，许穆夫人去吊唁的卫侯除了卫戴公还可能是卫文公。这是因为卫戴公刚登基不久就因逃难时的奔波而一病不起，很快就薨逝了，之后身在齐国的卫文公返回继位。由于戴公执政时间太短，也就一月左右，因此理雅各无法确定此时执政的卫侯究竟是卫文公还是卫戴公，故其又用括号强调了一下。
【山注05】理雅各强调的(see on iii.IX.)是指的国风第三邶风的第九篇《邶风 匏有苦叶》，理雅各在这首诗中讲了宣姜与昭伯成婚之事。但需注意，旧诗说认为此诗是讽刺卫宣公扒灰。不过新诗说认为这就是一篇妻子想念丈夫的诗歌。
【山注06】周时，天子与诸侯为防止王后夫人里通母国，原则上不允许在王后与夫人的父母过世后还回娘家归宁。是故此时许穆夫人归国是违背礼制的。
【《毛诗正义》】正义曰：此谓诸侯夫人及王后之法。《春秋》庄二十七年，“杞伯姬来”，《左传》曰：“凡诸侯之女归宁曰来。”是父母在，得归宁也。父母既没，则使卿宁於兄弟。襄十二年《左传》曰：“楚司马子庚聘于秦，为夫人宁，礼也。”是父母没，不得归宁也。《泉水》有义不得往，《载驰》许人不嘉，皆为此也。若卿大夫之妻，父母虽没，犹得归宁。《丧服传》曰：“为昆弟之为父后者，何以亦期也？妇人虽在外，必有归宗。”言父母虽没，有时来归，故不降。为父后者，谓大夫以下也，故《郑志》答赵商曰：“妇人有归宗，谓自其家之为宗者。大夫称家，言大夫如此耳。夫人王后则不然也。天子诸侯位高，恐其专恣淫乱，故父母既没，禁其归宁。大夫以下，位卑畏威，故许之耳。”
【山注】这一段出自《毛诗正义》，大意是，天子王后与诸侯夫人只有在父母尚在时才能回娘家归宁，若父母不在，只能让卿代为回娘家致意，此举是防止王后或夫人私通母国，侵害夫君国的利益。而卿大夫以下，因为位卑，对国家影响不大，不受这一条的约束。
【理雅各韵体译】
I wished to urge my steeds,and drive
To Wei,to share my brother's grief,
Not slacking till we should arrive
And halt at Ts'aou,and find relief.
Another went,o'er hill,through stream,cross plain;
Here in deep sorrow I must still remain.
【理雅各散体译】
I would have galloped my horses and whipt them,
Returning to condole with the marquis of Wei.
I would have urged them all the long way,
Till I arrived at Ts'aou.
A great officer has gone,over the hills and through the rivers;
But my heart is full of sorrow.
載can here,standing at the beginning of the ode,be taken simply as an initial particle.Its position renders the explanation of it by则,which we find in K'ang-shing and Choo,inapplicable.馳=走馬，'to race the horses';and驅=策馬，'to whip them','to urge them'.
【山译】“载”在在诗歌的开头，是发语助词，可翻译成“则”。在郑玄和朱熹的解释中，这个字无意义。“驰”理解为“走马”即让马奔跑；“驱”理解为“策马”即用鞭子抽打约束马。
Choo would construe this line in the indicative mood,as if the lady had actually driven a long way on the road to Wei,until she was stopped by a great officer sent to recall her.It is better to construe it in the conditional mood.-with Ying-tah and Yen Ts'an.The baroness relates what she wished to do,and not what she did.
【山译】朱熹认为这句话是陈述语气，即认为这句话是陈述许穆夫人驾驶马车许久后，才被许国大夫赶到截停的事实。但（理雅各认为）这句话最好理解成条件语气，即许穆夫人希望作的事（驾上小车，赶往卫国吊唁卫侯）但并没有开始就被许国大夫阻止了。
唁is 'to condole with the living',on occasion of their misfortunes;condoling on occasion of a death is expressed by弔.言in 1.4,is the particle。
【山译】“唁”是在发生不幸的时候慰问生者，而“吊”则是在这个时候悼念死者。第1节第4句中的“言”是助词。
跋涉denotes a toilsome journey,now over hills and across grassy plains(草行曰跋)，now through rivers(水行曰涉).Who the great officer of this line was is much disputed.Ying-tah thinks he was the messenger from Wei who had brought the news of its desolation.Choo thinks he was an officer of Heu,who had pursued her to stop the return which the baroness was attempting.Yen Ts'an thinks he was the messenger who had been despatched to express the condolences of Heu in the circumstances of Wei.This last seems the preferable view.Such an officer had been sent,but the lady thinks it would have been better for her to go,and is sad.
【山译】“跋涉”表示这一段艰苦的旅程，要翻过小山，穿过草原(草行曰跋)，还要通过河流(水行曰涉)。关于这位（跋涉）的高级官员究竟是谁这个问题是很有争议的。孔颖达认为他是卫国的使者，带来了卫国被攻破的消息。但朱熹认为他是许国的一名官员，是为了阻止男爵夫人并要求其返回。严粲认为他应该是被许国派遣去对卫国哀悼的使者。最后一种观点似乎更可取。这样的官员已经被派遣，但许穆夫人认为她去才是更好的，她很难过。
【山注01】“载”在此处是发语词，无意义。在句中的“载”古代常与“则”相通，语助词，亦无意义，可相当于白话“就”。
【山注02】驱驰——孔疏：走马谓之驰，策马谓之驱。
【山注03】吊——《說文》：問終也。唁——《說文》：弔生也。
【山注04】吊唁——《玉篇》：弔生曰唁，弔死曰弔。但《谷梁传》认为“吊失国曰唁”（春秋经昭公二十五年“齐侯唁公于野井”）。后世学者索性直接和稀泥，王先谦引韩说“弔生曰唁，弔人失国亦曰唁。”
【山注05】朱熹认为，许穆夫人走到半路上就被截回来了。理雅各认为，许穆夫人压根就没来得及出发就被在阻止了，诗中只是许穆夫人的计划，因此理雅各翻译第一节时大量使用虚拟语气词would（散体译版）。不过我更为认同王先谦的观点，即许穆夫人不仅出发了，而且冲破了许国大夫的重重围堵，到达了卫国并吊唁了卫侯，理由是后句有“许人尤之”即许国人指责许穆夫人的行为，如果许穆夫人还没有出发就被拦下了，那许国人怎么知道这件事的？而如果许穆夫人如果半道中听从劝告回来了，那不过是出去游山玩水而已，许国人又为何要指责？
【山注06】Ying-tah是孔颖达的名，理雅各音译其为KungYing-tah。Yen Ts'an是严粲的英译名，严粲的代表作是《诗缉》三十六卷。
【山注07】古人解析此句的确是无意义助词。只不过我感觉理解成实意“说”也可以，即对车夫说到曹邑去。
【山注08】毛传：“悠悠，远貌”，即道路遥远的意思。
【山注09】毛传：“草行曰跋，水行曰涉”。而王先谦按照韩诗的说法，认为跋涉是涉水时不观察水的深浅，以表示紧急。
【山注10】关于认为此大夫并不是前来堵截的官员而是使者的观点，其依据是齐诗，齐诗中“跋”作“軷”，一种使者出发前作的仪式，因此可见此为使者。
【理雅各韵体译】
What I wished for you denied;
Here in Heu I must abide.
And in your decision's spite
I must hold my purpose right.
You,unkind,my purpose spurn
Not to Wei can I return.
I must slight your views as nought,
For I cannot quench my thought.
【理雅各散体译】
You disapproved of my (proposal),
And I cannot return (to Wei);
But I regard you as in the wrong,
And cannot forget my pupose.
You disapproved of my purpose,
And I cannot return across the streams;
But I regard you as in the wrong,
And cannot shut out my thoughts.
嘉=善，used as a verb,'to approve of.'Choo takes the 3d line as meaning-'Though I see that you do not approve of my movement(雖視爾不以我為善).’I prefer the construction in the translation,which is,again,that of Ying-tah and Yen Ts'an.
【山译】嘉相当于善，用作动词，表“赞成”之意。朱熹将第3句理解为“虽然我知道你不赞成我的行动(雖視爾不以我為善)。而（理雅各）我更认可我的翻译（第二节第三句翻译为But I regard you as in the wrong直译为我认为你是错的），这也是孔颖达和严粲的观点。
爾is to be referred to許人，'the people,and more especially the ministers,of Heu'.遠may be taken as equivalent to忘，'to forget'.济refers to some stream or streams in the route between Heu and Wei.悶=閉，'to shut up';also,'to repress'.
【山译】“爾”指得是“許人”“许国人民，主要指许国官员”。“遠”可视为等同于“忘”，‘去忘记’。“济”指的是卫国和许国之间的一条或多条溪流。“悶”可理解为“閉”，即“关闭”；还有“压抑”的意思。
【山注01】“嘉”即“称善”，赞同的意思。尔雅释诂：“嘉，善也；嘉，美也。”
【山注02】“既不我嘉”即“既不嘉我”，就是既然不赞同我。
【山注03】“旋”回的意思；“反”通返；“济”渡的意思。组合之后“旋反”就是回反的意思；“旋济”是回渡的意思。“济”一般作渡的意思，不过此处理雅各认为是名词，表河流。
【山注04】“视尔不臧”，视原为看的意思，也可引申为比较。韩诗中，“尔”被写作“我”，因此韩诗为“视我不臧”，不过意思差不多，一个是我认为你的观点不好；一个是你认为我的观点不好，反正都是双方互不认同的意思。
【山注05】此处理雅各将“閟”理解为“关闭”“压抑”的意思。相对应“远”则被理解为“迂远”，即迂远闭塞。整句为陈述句，即我的谋划不迂远闭塞。不过还有一种解读，即“閟”虽然确为“闭塞”之意，但也可理解为周密，进而认为閟与远对应，分别译为长远周密。那么这句话就变成了反问句，即难道我的谋划不长远周密吗？
【理雅各韵体译】
I'll climb the sides of that steep mound,
And pluck the lilies growing there.
Thoughts in my woman's heart abound,
And every thought might blossom bear.
In Heu the people all my purpose blame;
Their childish,hasty thoughts cause me no shame.
【理雅各散体译】
I will ascend that mound with the steep side,
And gather the mother-of-pearl lilies
I might,as a woman,have many thoughts,
But every one of them was practicable.
The people of Heu blame me,
But they are all childish and hasty (in their conclusions).
The Urh-ya defines阿丘as'a mound high on one side'.The difference between this and旄丘，in iii.XII,does not immediately appear.It must depend on the spectator's point of view.
【山译】尔雅定义“阿丘”是一边高的土石堆。这和《邶风》第12篇中的旄丘（前边高的土石堆）相比，并没有明显区别。两者的区分主要依靠旁观者的观点。
言is the particle.蝱，or莔，is a lily,called the'mother of pearl',from the appearance of its shining bulbous roots,or as others say,from that of its flower.It is the fritillaria Thunbergie;and I should have called it the fritillary,if I had met anywhere with the term.Many medical qualities are ascribed to the root:among them that of dissipating melancholy;-for which the baroness proposes to use it.If we attempt,with the old interpreters,to treat these two lines allusively,we experience great difficulties.
【山译】言是虚词。蝱，或者莔（鲁诗作莔）。这是一种百合，被称为“珍珠之母”，这是因为它白亮的球茎状根，或者像其他人说的那样，是因为它的花。它是川贝母；如果我见过这个术语的话，我应该叫它贝母。其根部有药效。其中之一是驱散忧郁；许穆夫人打算用它。如果我们试图用旧的解释来翻译这两行，我们会遇到很大的困难。
In l.3,善is considered as equivalent to多,'many'.A woman is 'good at fancying things with an anxious mind'.The people of Heu,it would appear,had charged this on the baroness;and she vindicates herself.
【山译】在第三小句中善是多的意思。女人常用焦虑的心态想象思考事情。由此句看来许国人已经开始指责许穆夫人，这是她在为自己辩解。
行is explained by道.'Every one of her ideas,'she says,'had a principle of reason in it.'This does not seem to be necessary.
【山译】“行”是“道”的意思，即她说：她的每个观点都合乎原则，但被人认为没有必要。
尤has the sense of訧,with which it is interchangeable,-'a fault',and here,'to count as a fault'.狂,-as in Ana.V.xxi.
【山译】尤通訧，两者可以互换。翻译成（名词）错误或（动词）犯错。而狂可参见论语第五公冶长篇第二十一（二）条中的解释。
【山注01】此处理雅各辨析阿丘与旄丘，是因为〖《尔雅》：左高，咸丘。右高，临丘。前高，旄丘。后高，陵丘。偏高，阿丘。〗也就是说一个是偏高，一个是前高。但具体应如何区别，理雅各认为这完全是根据观察者自身的观点。不过〖邢昺疏：“谓丘形四隅有一高而不正在左右前后者，名阿丘也。”〗意思是有一处高但这个高处不在前后左右，是偏的，这就是阿丘。
【山注02】蝱，鲁诗作莔，或认为蝱是莔的假借字。《尔雅》认为莔是贝母，中草药，可治郁积之症。不过贝母种类较多，有川贝母、浙贝母、太白贝母、湖北贝母。此处一般被认为是川贝母。
【山注03】 Fritillaria Thunbergie最后一个字母难以识别，像a又像e，但查阅《诗经植物图鉴》（潘富俊著）后我认为最后一个字母是i。但对不上，因为《图鉴》中亦认为此贝母为川贝母，但理雅各此处译名与《图鉴》中英文译名匹配之后更像是浙贝母 Fritillaria Thunbergii Miq，怪哉！
【山注04】理雅各对“狂”引用其翻译论语时的注解，这里有两点需要注意：首先Ana是Analects的缩写，理雅各将论语翻译为Analects；另外，此处理雅各指的是〖论语5·22：子在陈曰：“归与！归与！吾党之小子狂简，斐然成章，不知所以裁之。”〗但理雅各标的位置却是5·21，这是因为理雅各将5.02并入了5.01，因此第五篇中后排序均前移1位。
【山注05】“众”一般认为是指许国众人，但亦有学者认为，古代“众”与“终”相通，此处可理解为“既”。即“既幼稚又愚昧”。
【山注06】〖《说文》：稚，幼禾也。〗可将其引申为幼小，或少不更事。
【理雅各韵体译】
I would through the land havo gone,
Passed where fields of rich wheat shone,
Prayer have made to Ts'e's great state,
Help have sought for Wei's sore strait.
Nobles who o'er Wei preside,
Zeal like this you should not chide.
Hundreds are the plans you make;
Best the course I wished to take!
【理雅各散体译】
I would have gone through the country,
Amidst the wheat so luxuriant.
I would have carried the case before the great State.
On whom should I have relied?Who would come (to the help of Wei)?
Ye great officers and gentlemen,
Do not condemn me.
The hundred plans you think of
Are not equal to the course I was going to take.
The lady here speaks more fully of what her purpose had been,and again asserts its superiority to the course taken by the State.We must takes the first four lines in the conditional mood as in st.1.
【山译】许穆夫人在第四节更充分的解释了其目的，并再次论证其提出的策略要比国家的决策更优秀。因此我们要像第一节那样用条件语气翻译。
芃芃expresses the luxuriant appearance of the wheat in the fields.野is evidently 'the country'simply;not a wild,uncultivated tract.
【山译】“芃芃”表现出田野里小麦繁茂的景象。“野”显然是“乡村农庄”；并不是指一片未开垦的荒地。
Maou explains控by引，'to lead',which we find also in the Shwoh-wan;but that meaning of the term is not applicable here.Han Ying made it=赴，'to go to',and we find告'to inform',as one of the definitions of it in the dict.The meaning evidently is that in the translation.
【山译】毛诗认为“控”是引的意思，可以理解为“领导”，《说文》也是这个意思。但是这个解释并不适用在这里。韩婴将其写作“赴”，即去的意思。并且我们在字典中还能找到其有“告诉”的意思。这意思显然是我翻译的样子。
I translate大邦 by'the great State',because the baroness could only have meant Ts'e,which at this time had the presidency of all the States of the kingdom.At a later time we find the same designation often applied in the Tso Chuen to Tsin,after it had taken the place of Ts'e.
【山译】我将“大邦”翻译成“大国”，因为许穆夫人此处的意思是齐国，一个在这个时期成为众王国霸主的国家。之后我们可以在《左传》中经常看到这样的描述，直到秦取代齐的地位。
It may be worth while to give here an account of the lady,as related by Lew Heang(列女傳).He says:The wife of Muh of Heu was a daughter of duke E of Wei.[This is an error.Tso-she is a better authority in such a matter, and acc.to him she was a daughter of Ch'aou-pih Hwan and Seuen Keang,-as I have said.See Keang Ping-chang on this ode].She was sought in marriage both by Heu and Ts'e;and when her father was about to assent to the proposals of Heu,they young lady sent a message to him by her instructress in the harem,to the effect that Heu was a small and distant State,while Ts'e was large and near to Wei;and that,as there was trouble from the Jung on the borders of Wei,when he wanted to apply to"the great State(赴告大邦)"，it would be better for her to be married there.Duke E,however,did not act according to her suggestion.'
【山译】此处有必要根据《列女传》介绍一下许穆夫人：许穆公的妻子，卫懿公的女儿。[这里有一个错误，如前所言，许穆夫人是伯昭公子顽和宣姜所生]她被许和齐同时求婚。其父同意了许国的求婚，许穆夫人通过傅母向其父传达一条讯息，其认为许国的影响力小并且还离卫国太远，齐国强大并且离卫国很近。当卫国边境上的戎狄侵犯时，可以向齐国求救，因此最后能够让她嫁给齐桓公，但可惜卫懿公没有按照她的意见行动。
因，—as in Ana.I.xiii.極=至，'to come to'.誰極has been explained as meaning,'Who would have been willing to come?'(So,Yen Ts'an);or,'To whom should I have gone?'(So,Hwang Yih-ching,黄一正；Ming dyn).
【山译】关于“因”的解释可参见理雅各英译论语中学而第一第13条〖有子曰：“信近于义，言可复也；恭近于礼，远耻辱也；因不失其亲，亦可宗也〗。“极”相当于“至”，即来到。“谁极”可以被解释为“谁会愿意来呢”（严粲的观点）或者“我应该去找谁呢”（明代黄一正的观点）。
無=毋，'do not'';imperative.Choo thinks the大夫is the same as that in st.1,and that君子refers to 'all the people of the State of Heu'.I think he is wrong,and that the lady is here addressing generally the ministers and officers of the court of Heu.
【山译】“无”是“毋”，“不要”的意思，祈使语气。朱熹认为这个“大夫”还是第一节中出现的那个大夫，而“君子”指的是许国的人民。但我认为这是错误的，我认为这是许穆夫人正在向许国的大夫官僚发表演说。
百=the hundred things or plans.之=往or適，so that the line might be translated-'Are not equal to my going',- what my going would have accomplished.
【山译】“百”是一百件事情或者计划。“之”是“往”或“适”，所以这句话应该被翻译成“不如让我去”即我去卫国可以完成使命。
In Maou,the ode is divided into 5 stanzas:the 1st of 6 lines;the 2d and 3d of 4 each;the 4th of 6;and 5th of 8.In the Tso-chuen,however,under the 13 year of duke Wan,an officer is made to sing the 4th stanza of this ode,which it appears must then have contained the lines控于大邦，誰因誰極.This suggested to Soo Ch'eh (苏辙)to combine Maou's 2d and 3d stanzas in one;and Choo He adopted his arrangement.
【山译】在毛诗中这首诗被分为5节，第一节6句，第2/3节各4句，第4节6句，第5节8句。但是根据左传记载鲁文公十三年，一位官员吟诵此诗的第4节〖郑伯与公宴于棐。子家赋《鸿雁》。季文子曰：“寡君未免于此。”文子赋《四月》。子家赋《载驰》之四章。文子赋《采薇》之四章。郑伯拜。公答拜。〗而根据左传前文记载，这一段吟诵必然要包含“控于大邦，誰因誰極”。于是苏辙建议将毛诗第2/3节合并为1节（这样第4节就包含了“控于大邦，誰因誰極”），朱熹采纳了这个建议（因此就有了如今这首诗的分节方式）。
【山注01】芃芃其麦这一句一种观点认为并不是单纯的写麦子茂盛的景象，而是在暗中表达，麦子成熟了却无人去收，只能在田间等待，从侧面表现国破的景象。当然这种解释的前提是认为许穆夫人已经赶回了卫国。
【山注02】关于“控”〖《说文》：引也。从手空聲。〗
【山注03】理雅各这音译太烧脑了， Ts'e是齐，因为其音译齐风时就是这样翻译的，Tsin应该是秦，因为其音译《溱洧》为Tsin Wei。
【山注04】《列女传》这一篇问题很多：首先许穆夫人是伯昭与宣姜所生，其次也几乎不可能是在卫懿公时代出嫁，历史上，卫懿公元年是齐桓公十八年，即元始前668年；卫懿公三年，齐桓公为天子出气暴揍卫国；而鲁僖公四年元始前656年，许穆公薨逝，许穆夫人之子许僖公继位，若按卫懿公元年许穆夫人出嫁，此时许僖公不过10岁左右。感觉时间太赶了。而最大的可能是在卫惠公时期出嫁，因为算时间公子黔牟执政10年，宣姜要想保命，必须在前期就下嫁伯昭，而卫惠公之后又执政18年，算时间，卫惠公时许穆夫人就已成年。因此综合分析，我认为许穆夫人在卫惠公时出嫁最合乎现实。
【《列女传·许穆夫人》】 许穆夫人者，卫懿公之女，许穆公之夫人也。初许求之，齐亦求之，懿公将与，许女因其傅母而言曰：“古者诸侯之有女子也，所以苞苴玩弄，系援于大国也。言今者许小而远，齐大而近。若今之世，强者为雄。如使边境有寇戎之事，维是四方之故，赴告大国，妾在，不犹愈乎！今舍近而就远，离大而附小，一旦有车驰之难，孰可与虑社稷？”卫侯不听，而嫁之于许。其后翟人攻卫，大破之，而许不能救，卫侯遂奔走涉河，而南至楚丘。齐桓往而存之，遂城楚丘以居。卫侯于是悔不用其言。当败之时，许夫人驰驱而吊唁，卫侯因疾之，而作诗云：“载驰载驱，归唁卫侯，驱马悠悠，言至于漕，大夫跋涉，我心则忧，既不我嘉，不能旋反，视尔不臧，我思不远。”君子善其慈惠而远识也。颂曰：卫女未嫁，谋许与齐，女讽母曰，齐大可依，卫君不听，后果遁逃，许不能救，女作载驰。
【山注05】黄一正，字定父，明代扬州人，著有《诗经埤传》、《事物绀珠》。【山注05】由使臣吟诗可确定第四章节必含有“控于大邦，誰因誰極”。此分析过程比较绕，我尽量简单解说一下：事情的大致过程时鲁文公前往晋国寻求会盟。之后卫侯在沓与鲁文公相会，请求代为说项以求和于晋。鲁文公返回，郑伯与鲁文公相会于棐，也请其帮忙说项求和于晋，然后鲁文公全部给摆平了。当时郑伯与鲁文公在棐宴饮，郑国大夫子家吟诵《鸿雁》，以自比鳏寡，请文公怜悯；鲁大夫季文子吟诵《四月》，表示我家主公自顾不暇，以婉拒。于是郑国大夫子家吟诵《载驰》第四章，希望对方可以通融一下；鲁文公同意了，于是鲁大夫季文子吟诵《采薇》第四章，表示同意。郑伯见事情办成，于是下拜感谢，鲁文公也下拜还礼。若按照毛诗所分章节，第四章是许人责难许穆夫人，那放到此处吟诵岂不是在责难鲁文公不帮忙。那鲁文公不暴走才怪！因此只有“控于大邦，誰因誰極”才最可能合适此处。
【《左传·文公十三年》传】冬，公如晋朝，且寻盟。卫侯会公于沓，请平于晋。公还，郑伯会公于棐，亦请平于晋。公皆成之。郑伯与公宴于棐。子家赋《鸿雁》。季文子曰：“寡君未免于此。”文子赋《四月》。子家赋《载驰》之四章。文子赋《采薇》之四章。郑伯拜。公答拜。
The rhymes are--in st.l,驱*，侯，cat.4,t.1;悠，漕*，憂，cat.3,t.1:in2,反，遠，cat.14;濟，悶(prop.cat.12),cat.15,t.2:in3,蝱*，行*，狂，cat.10:in4,麥*,極，cat.1,t.3;尤*，思，之，ib.t.1.
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